Zenerjännitteen

Zenerjännitteen, often referred to as the Zener voltage, is a critical parameter for Zener diodes. It represents the specific reverse voltage at which a Zener diode begins to conduct significant current in the reverse direction. This conduction occurs due to a phenomenon called Zener breakdown, or sometimes avalanche breakdown depending on the diode's doping and design. Unlike regular diodes, which are designed to block current in reverse bias, Zener diodes are intentionally engineered to operate reliably within their breakdown region.

The Zener voltage is typically measured under a specific reverse current condition and is a key specification provided by manufacturers. It is crucial for applications where voltage regulation is required. When the reverse voltage across a Zener diode reaches its Zener voltage, the diode's resistance drops dramatically, and it starts to draw current. This characteristic allows it to maintain a relatively constant voltage across itself, even if the input voltage or the load current varies within certain limits.

The Zener voltage can vary widely depending on the specific diode model, ranging from a few volts to hundreds of volts. The accuracy and stability of the Zener voltage are important factors in the performance of voltage regulator circuits. When selecting a Zener diode for a particular application, choosing one with a Zener voltage that matches the desired regulated output voltage is essential.