Zearalenols

Zearalenols are a group of naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by certain species of Fusarium, particularly Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. These toxins are characterized by their estrogenic properties, which can disrupt the endocrine system in animals and humans. Zearalenols are commonly found in contaminated grains, such as corn, wheat, and barley, and can pose significant health risks when ingested.

The primary zearalenols include zearalenone (ZEN), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL). Zearalenone is the most potent and is often the primary toxin of concern. These mycotoxins can cause various health issues, including reproductive problems, infertility, and developmental abnormalities in animals. In humans, exposure to zearalenols has been linked to reproductive disorders, infertility, and potential carcinogenic effects.

The presence of zearalenols in food and feed is a significant concern for agricultural and food safety. Contamination can occur during the growth, storage, and processing of grains. Effective management strategies include proper storage conditions, regular monitoring, and the use of mycotoxin mitigation techniques. Research continues to focus on developing methods to reduce zearalenol contamination and to better understand their impact on human health.