Zeal

Zeal denotes great energy or ardor in pursuing a goal or cause. It implies sustained enthusiasm and willingness to invest time, effort, or resources. Zeal can motivate constructive action, but it can also become excessive or intolerant if not tempered by judgment or consideration for others.

Etymology: The word originates from Latin zelus (jealousy, ardor), via Old French zele and Middle English zeal. The related adjective is zealous, and the noun zealot derives from zeal via Greek and Latin roots, used historically for adherents marked by fervent advocacy.

Usage: Zeal is often associated with religious contexts, where it can refer to fervent devotion or missionary zeal. In politics or social movements, zeal describes energetic campaigning and mobilization. In everyday language, zeal may describe enthusiasm for hobbies, work, or causes.

Psychology and sociology: Zeal reflects motivational energy directed at a goal and emerges from personality, social identity, and situational cues. It can yield perseverance and ethical action when aligned with accurate beliefs and norms. It can also fuel dogmatism, intolerance, or aggression when driven by rigid beliefs or misinformation.

Related terms: zealous (adjective), zealotry (excessive zeal with often harmful implications), zealot (a person marked by zeal).