Zaydism

Zaydism is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the 8th century. It is based on the teachings of Zayd ibn Ali, a grandson of Husayn ibn Ali, who was a major figure in the Shia Islamic tradition. Zaydism was founded by Zayd ibn Ali himself, who believed in the necessity of armed struggle against the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, and sought to reclaim the authority of the Shia imams.

Zaydism is characterized by its view of the caliphate as elective rather than hereditary. This means that the caliph should be chosen through public consent and participation, rather than being appointed through a traditional or familial succession. Zaidi imams were expected to maintain the authority of the Shia imams, but were not considered infallible. Core to the ideology of Zaydism is the principle of social justice, equality, and freedom from oppressive rule.

Throughout its history, Zaydism has been represented in various parts of the world, including Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. The Zaidi state in Yemen became a significant center of power in the 9th century, particularly under the rule of the al-Rasulid dynasty. In 893, a Ismaili rebel named al-Qasim al-Rassi established a Zaidi state in Yemen, while another movement founded by Zaydi enthusiasts transferred the majority of institutions of civic administration to Massively surrounding it with powers equally divided, as these systems are portrayed.

Zaydism exists as a distinct branch of Shia Islam alongside other forms of Shiism. Its traditions are recognized within the broader Shia community, while its practice has also adapted to local contexts.