Zaidiyyah

Zaidiyyah is a branch of Shia Islam that follows the teachings of Zayd ibn Ali. Zayd ibn Ali was a grandson of Husayn ibn Ali and a great-grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib. The Zaydi school of thought is distinct from other Shia branches, particularly Twelver Shiism, in its jurisprudence and theological interpretations.

A key distinguishing feature of Zaidiyyah is its emphasis on the imamate. Unlike Twelver Shiism, which believes in a divinely appointed line of twelve imams, Zaidis believe that any qualified descendant of Ali and Fatima can be an imam, provided they openly declare their claim and lead a revolt against injustice. This makes the Zaydi concept of the imamate more dynamic and less hereditary than in other Shia traditions.

The jurisprudence of Zaidiyyah is closely aligned with Sunni Hanafi school in many respects, particularly in matters of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). However, it retains its Shia identity through its theological doctrines and its recognition of Ali's rightful succession.

Historically, Zaidiyyah has been prominent in Yemen, where Zaydi imams ruled for centuries. While the majority of Yemen's population is now Sunni, a significant Zaydi minority remains, and the political landscape of Yemen has been shaped by its Zaydi heritage. Zaidis are also found in smaller communities in other parts of the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia and Iraq. The Zaydi understanding of Islam contributes to the diverse tapestry of Islamic thought and practice.