Ylähengitystieinfektio

Ylähengitystieinfektio, commonly known as an upper respiratory tract infection, refers to an illness affecting the nasal passages, throat, larynx, and sometimes the trachea. These infections are typically caused by viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most frequent culprits. Bacteria can also cause these infections, though less commonly. Symptoms often include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, mild fever, and general malaise. The incubation period varies depending on the specific pathogen but is generally short, ranging from a few days to a week.

Transmission usually occurs through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, or through direct contact with contaminated surfaces. The diagnosis is primarily based on clinical symptoms. While most upper respiratory tract infections are self-limiting and resolve within one to two weeks without specific treatment, supportive care is recommended. This includes rest, adequate fluid intake, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms such as pain relievers and decongestants. Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and are therefore generally not prescribed for common colds or other viral upper respiratory tract infections. Complications are rare but can include sinusitis, ear infections, or bronchitis. Preventive measures include good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and vaccination against specific pathogens like influenza.