XeO3

XeO3, or xenon trioxide, is an inorganic compound of xenon and oxygen. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is highly reactive and a strong oxidizer. The compound is unstable at ambient conditions and can detonate when subjected to mechanical shock or significant heating. In water and in some solvents it behaves as a potent oxidizer, and it readily reacts with reducing agents.

Structure and bonding: The molecule has a pyramidal geometry, arising from three Xe–O bonds and a lone pair on xenon (AX3E). This gives a trigonal pyramidal electron arrangement with C3v symmetry in the gas phase. The Xe–O bonds are polar and the compound is a notably strong oxidizer.

Preparation: XeO3 is prepared by controlled oxidation of xenon-containing species under strictly anhydrous and low-temperature conditions, often via hydrolysis or oxidation of xenon oxyfluorides such as XeO2F2. It can be isolated as a white crystalline solid, though it is readily sensitive to heat and impact.

Reactivity and hydrolysis: XeO3 hydrolyzes in water to form xenic acid (xenic acid) H2XeO6, and in basic media it can yield xenate species. It reacts vigorously with reducing agents and with organic materials, highlighting its high oxidizing potential. Upon heating or rapid decomposition, it releases xenon gas and oxygen.

Applications and safety: XeO3 is primarily of academic interest due to its instability and reactivity. It is a powerful oxidizer and poses explosion hazards; handling is restricted to specialized facilities with stringent safety protocols, and it is typically used only in controlled laboratory settings.