Wärmedämmung

Wärmedämmung refers to the process of reducing heat transfer between a warmer and a cooler area. Its primary purpose in buildings is to minimize heat loss during colder months and heat gain during warmer months, thereby improving indoor comfort and reducing energy consumption for heating and cooling. Effective Wärmedämmung contributes significantly to energy efficiency and can lead to lower utility bills.

The principle behind Wärmedämmung relies on materials with low thermal conductivity, often called insulating materials. These materials trap air or other gases, which are poor conductors of heat. Common insulating materials include mineral wool (such as glass wool and rock wool), polystyrene foam (EPS and XPS), polyurethane foam, and natural materials like cellulose or wood fiber. The effectiveness of an insulating material is measured by its thermal conductivity (lambda value, λ), where a lower value indicates better insulation.

Wärmedämmung is applied to various parts of a building, including walls, roofs, floors, and windows. Exterior insulation systems, where insulation is applied to the outside of the building structure, are a common and effective method. Interior insulation is also used, particularly in renovations or when exterior application is not feasible. High-performance windows with double or triple glazing and insulated frames also play a crucial role in overall building insulation. Proper installation and avoidance of thermal bridges, which are areas where insulation is compromised and heat can easily escape, are essential for achieving optimal thermal performance.