Wymuszon

Wymuszon is a nonstandard or archaic form associated with the Polish verb wymuszać, meaning to extort or to coerce. In standard Polish, the corresponding past participle forms used as adjectives are wymuszony (masculine), wymuszona (feminine), and wymuszone (neuter). The form wymuszon is rarely attested in contemporary usage and is generally considered nonstandard, dialectal, or historically dated.

Etymology and forms: The term derives from wymuszać and reflects how Polish participles adapt to gender and number in adjectives. The widely accepted standard forms align with the regular adjectival endings: -ony for masculine, -ona for feminine, and -one for neuter. Because wymuszon does not follow these standard patterns, it is typically described as a spelling variant or a relic of earlier orthography. Linguistic descriptions usually note wymuszon as a cautionary example of nonstandard morphology rather than a productive form in modern Polish.

Usage notes: In formal and contemporary writing, wymuszony is preferred when describing something coerced or extorted. For example, “zachowanie zostało wymuszone groźbami” (the behavior was coerced by threats). When encountering wymuszon in texts, editors and readers generally correct it to wymuszony/wymuszona/wymuszone according to the gender and number of the noun they modify. In most contexts, wymuszon has little to no productive use today and is unlikely to appear in official texts.

See also: wymuszać, wymuszenie, wymuszony.