Writeins

Writeins are votes cast for a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot as a pre-printed option. Voters typically write the candidate’s name in a designated write-in field or use a write-in line provided on the ballot. The ability to cast a write-in and whether those votes are counted depend on local election laws and voting equipment.

Eligibility and counting rules vary by jurisdiction. In many places, a candidate must meet certain requirements, such as filing a declaration of candidacy or meeting ballot access deadlines, for a write-in to be counted. Some jurisdictions count any clearly legible write-in name, while others require the name to correspond to a registered candidate or party designation. In primaries, rules are often stricter, and write-ins may not be permitted or may receive limited consideration. Ballots may also impose restrictions on how a write-in name is presented (for example, spelling, initials, or avoiding misleading names).

Write-in campaigns arise when a candidate is not on the ballot or when voters prefer an alternative not listed. They can influence local or statewide races, but they generally face practical challenges such as name recognition, voter awareness, and the difficulty of efficiently counting non-listed names. Ultimately, the impact of write-ins depends on turnout, ballot design, and the specific electoral framework of the jurisdiction.

See also: ballot access, write-in candidate, election procedures.