Wallacea

Wallacea, also known as the Wallacea region, is a biogeographical designation for the group of Indonesian islands that are east of the Wallace Line but west of the Lydekker Line. This region is named after the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, who proposed the boundary that separates the Indonesian islands that have a mix of both Asian and Australian fauna, from those that are predominantly Asian or Australian.

The Wallacea region includes several significant islands such as Sulawesi, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, and Timor. This area is notable for its high level of biodiversity and endemism, meaning many species found here are unique to the region. The distinct fauna of Wallacea is a result of its complex geological history and its position between the Asian and Australian continental plates.

The Wallace Line, which demarcates the boundary of Wallacea, was first identified by Wallace during his travels in the 19th century. He observed that there was a stark difference in the species found on either side of this line. To the west of the line, the islands have a mix of species from both Asia and Australia, while to the east, the islands are predominantly populated by Australian species.

Wallacea is also significant for its role in the study of evolution and biogeography. The unique ecological and geological conditions of the region have led to the evolution of numerous endemic species, making it a critical area for conservation efforts. The region's biodiversity is threatened by habitat destruction, climate change, and other human activities, highlighting the need for effective conservation strategies to protect its unique flora and fauna.