Waldenströmin

Waldenströmin, also known as Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is named after the Swedish physician Erik Waldenström, who first described the condition in 1951. The disease is typically diagnosed in adults, with a peak incidence in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Waldenströmin is more common in men and is associated with a higher prevalence of certain genetic markers, such as the MYD88 L265P mutation.

The hallmark of Waldenströmin is the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein in the serum, which is produced by the abnormal plasma cells. This monoclonal IgM can lead to symptoms such as hyperviscosity syndrome, which occurs when the high concentration of IgM increases the blood's viscosity, causing symptoms like headache, dizziness, and visual disturbances. Other symptoms may include fatigue, weight loss, and recurrent infections due to the impaired immune function.

Diagnosis of Waldenströmin typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests, and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment options depend on the severity of the disease and the patient's overall health. Common treatments include chemotherapy, such as rituximab or bendamustine, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. The prognosis for Waldenströmin varies, but with appropriate treatment, many patients can achieve long-term remission or even cure. Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential to manage the disease and prevent complications.