Võõrutusnähte

Võõrutusnähte, often translated as withdrawal symptoms, refers to the set of physical and psychological experiences that occur when a person stops taking or significantly reduces their intake of a substance to which they have become dependent. This dependence can be on drugs, alcohol, or even certain medications. The severity and specific nature of võõrutusnähte vary greatly depending on the substance, the duration and intensity of use, and individual physiological factors.

Common symptoms can include physical discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, tremors, sweating, muscle aches, and headaches. Psychological manifestations are also frequent and can involve anxiety, irritability, depression, insomnia, and intense cravings for the substance. In some cases, particularly with severe alcohol or sedative-hypnotic withdrawal, more serious symptoms like hallucinations, seizures, and delirium tremens can occur, requiring immediate medical attention.

The underlying mechanism involves the body's adaptation to the presence of the substance. When the substance is removed, the neurochemical systems that have become accustomed to its presence are disrupted, leading to the observable symptoms. The duration of withdrawal also varies widely, from a few days to several weeks or even months for some substances. Management of võõrutusnähte often involves medical supervision to ensure safety and provide symptomatic relief, and may include medication to ease the transition and reduce the risk of complications.