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Võlaõigusseadus

Võlaõigusseadus, Estonian Act on Obligations and Contracts, is a central statute in Estonian private law that governs obligations arising from contracts and from other non‑contractual sources. The act provides general rules for the creation, content, and termination of obligations, and sets the framework for how contracts are formed, interpreted, performed, and enforced. It aims to ensure predictability and fairness in both commercial and personal relations.

The Võlaõigusseadus covers formation and validity of contracts, performance standards, breach and remedies, and termination. It

The Võlaõigusseadus operates alongside other private‑law instruments, notably the Civil Code and sector‑specific statutes, and is

regulates
the
consequences
of
non‑performance,
including
damages
and
interest,
as
well
as
contract
adjustments
and
rescission.
The
act
also
deals
with
transfer
of
rights
and
obligations,
assignment
of
claims,
novation,
subrogation,
and
the
establishment
and
enforcement
of
security
interests
such
as
guarantees
and
deposits.
In
addition,
it
provides
rules
on
interpretation
of
terms,
good
faith,
change
of
circumstances,
and
invalidity
of
contracts
due
to
defects
or
illegality.
It
governs
a
range
of
contract
types,
including
sale,
lease,
loan,
service,
and
agency
agreements,
as
well
as
other
obligations
not
arising
from
contracts.
applied
by
courts
to
resolve
civil
disputes.
It
embodies
core
principles
of
Estonian
contract
law,
including
the
obligation
to
perform
contracts
in
good
faith
and
in
accordance
with
their
terms,
and
is
subject
to
amendments
to
reflect
EU
harmonisation
and
modern
commercial
practice.