Väärtpaberiterminid

Väärtpaberiterminid refer to the specialized vocabulary used in the financial markets related to the trading and investment of securities. Understanding these terms is crucial for anyone involved in finance, whether as an investor, trader, analyst, or regulator.

Key väärtpaberiterminid include concepts like shares (aktsiad), which represent ownership in a company, and bonds (võlakirjad), which are debt instruments issued by governments or corporations. The price at which a security is traded is its hind, and the difference between the buying and selling price is the spread. Volatiilsus describes how much the price of a security fluctuates.

When a security is first offered to the public, it is through an initial public offering (IPO). Derivatives are financial contracts whose value is derived from an underlying asset, such as options (optsioonid) and futures (futuurid). Diversification is a strategy of spreading investments across different asset classes to reduce risk. Dividends are payments made by companies to their shareholders, often from profits.

Market makers are financial institutions that provide liquidity by quoting both buy and sell prices for a security. Short selling involves selling a security that is not owned, with the expectation of buying it back later at a lower price. A bear market is characterized by falling prices, while a bull market sees rising prices. Insider trading refers to trading based on material non-public information, which is illegal. Understanding these and many other väärtpaberiterminid is fundamental to navigating the complex world of finance.