Väikemolekuline

Väikemolekuline is an Estonian term that translates to "small molecule" in English. In chemistry and pharmacology, it refers to compounds with a low molecular weight, typically less than 900 Daltons. This size is significant as it often correlates with properties that allow a molecule to be absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) by the body. Small molecules can readily cross cell membranes and interact with biological targets like enzymes and receptors.

The term "väikemolekuline" is frequently used in the context of drug discovery and development. Many pharmaceutical drugs are small molecules, acting as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Their relatively simple structure allows for chemical synthesis and modification, which is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic effects and minimizing side effects. Examples of common small molecule drugs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and many antibiotics.

In contrast to small molecules are larger biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. These larger molecules often require more complex delivery mechanisms to enter cells and may elicit different types of biological responses. The distinction between small molecules and large molecules is fundamental in understanding drug action, biological processes, and the design of new therapeutic agents.