Vulkanisiert

Vulkanisiert refers to the process of vulcanization, a chemical treatment that improves the physical properties of rubber, making it more durable and less susceptible to temperature changes. Discovered by Charles Goodyear in 1839, vulcanization involves heating natural or synthetic rubber with sulfur. This process creates cross-links between the long polymer chains of the rubber. These cross-links prevent the chains from sliding past each other, which would otherwise cause the rubber to become soft and sticky when heated, and brittle when cooled.

The vulcanization process significantly enhances the elasticity, strength, and resistance to abrasion of rubber. It also reduces its tackiness and improves its ability to withstand solvents and weathering. The exact properties of vulcanized rubber can be tailored by varying the type and amount of curing agent (like sulfur), accelerators, activators, and other additives used in the process, as well as the temperature and duration of the heating.

Vulcanized rubber is a fundamental material used in a vast array of products. Its most common application is in the manufacturing of tires for vehicles. Other uses include hoses, seals, footwear, conveyor belts, and protective gear. The discovery and widespread adoption of vulcanization revolutionized the rubber industry and made rubber a versatile and indispensable material in modern manufacturing and daily life. The term "vulkanisiert" is often used in German and other European languages to describe this treated rubber.