Vorderrhein

The Vorderrhein, meaning the “front Rhine,” is the western headwater of the Rhine in eastern Switzerland. It, together with the Hinterrhein (the “rear Rhine”), forms the Rhine River. The river’s source is commonly given as Tomasee, a high-altitude lake in the Grisons (Graubünden) region, with its headwaters rising from alpine streams in the surrounding mountains.

From its source the Vorderrhein flows generally northwest through the Vorderrheintal and the Surselva region, passing through or near communities such as Ilanz/Glion as it carves its course toward the north. A notable feature along the upper valley is the Rhine Gorge, known locally as the Ruinaulta, a dramatic canyon formed by the river between Flims/Laax and Reichenau. The gorge is a prominent landmark and a draw for hiking and river-related activities.

Confluence and downstream course: The Vorderrhein meets the Hinterrhein at Reichenau in the canton of Graubünden. Their fusion forms the Rhine proper, which then continues its northward passage through eastern Switzerland toward Lake Constance.

Environmental and cultural context: The Vorderrhein basin is characterized by alpine landscapes, glacially influenced valleys, and diverse ecosystems. The river supports hydroelectric infrastructure downstream and is a focus of tourism, outdoor recreation, and nature conservation. The Vorderrhein’s upper reaches and the Ruinaulta gorge are notable for their scenic value and role in the Rhine’s hydrological system.