Volikirjad

Volikirjad are formal written instruments that authorize one person to act on behalf of another. In Estonia, the term volikirjad (plural) refers to documents that grant a designated agent the authority to perform specific acts for the grantor in legal, financial, or administrative matters. They are used when the principal cannot act in person due to travel, illness, or distance, or when specialized representation is required.

A volikirja defines the scope of authority. It may authorize signing documents, making payments, handling banking affairs, or voting in meetings. The document can be limited to a single act or provide broader, ongoing powers. The exact scope, duration, and conditions are stated within the volikirja, and the principal can tailor it to fit the situation.

Creation and execution typically require the volikirja to be in writing, dated, and signed by the grantor. Some contexts may demand additional formalities such as witness attestation, notarization, or electronic signatures, depending on local rules. The agent may need to accept the appointment to confirm their authority.

Validity and revocation: A volikirja remains in force for the period stated or until revoked by the grantor. Revocation should be communicated to all relevant parties and institutions that rely on the document. In many systems, a grantor’s death terminates the authority unless the document specifies otherwise.

Common use cases include proxy voting at meetings, authorizing a representative to conduct financial transactions, or enabling legal or administrative actions on behalf of the principal. Safeguards include clearly limiting the scope and duration, choosing a trusted agent, and maintaining copies and records of all actions taken under the authorization. See also: power of attorney, proxy.