Voimaohjaus

Voimaohjaus, often translated as power steering, is a system that assists drivers in steering a vehicle. It reduces the effort required to turn the steering wheel, making it easier to maneuver the vehicle, especially at low speeds or when parking. This assistance is provided by a hydraulic or electric system that amplifies the driver's steering input.

Historically, hydraulic power steering was the most common type. In this system, a pump driven by the engine circulates hydraulic fluid through a steering gear. When the driver turns the steering wheel, a valve directs fluid to one side of a piston within the steering gear, pushing it and assisting the steering motion. This system requires engine power to operate, leading to a slight fuel efficiency penalty.

More recently, electric power steering (EPS) systems have become increasingly popular. EPS uses an electric motor to provide steering assistance. Sensors detect the steering wheel's movement and torque, and the electric motor is then activated to apply the necessary force. EPS systems are generally more fuel-efficient than hydraulic systems as they only draw power when steering assistance is needed. They also offer greater flexibility in terms of tuning steering feel and can enable advanced features like lane-keeping assist.

The primary benefit of voimaohjaus is improved driver comfort and reduced fatigue, particularly in heavy vehicles or during prolonged driving. It also enhances vehicle maneuverability and safety by allowing for quicker and more precise steering responses.