Viðsögnin

Viðsögnin, also known as the Icelandic Constitution, is the supreme law of Iceland. It was adopted on June 17, 1944, and came into effect on June 17, 1944. The constitution is structured into a preamble and 12 chapters, which cover a wide range of topics including the structure of the government, the rights and freedoms of citizens, and the role of the Icelandic Parliament, the Althing.

The Icelandic Constitution is unique in that it is the oldest written constitution still in effect in the world. It was written by a committee of lawyers and scholars, and it has been amended only a few times since its adoption. The most significant amendment was made in 1991, which introduced a new chapter on the rights of individuals.

The constitution establishes a parliamentary republic, with the President of Iceland serving as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. The Icelandic Parliament, the Althing, is bicameral, consisting of the National Assembly and the Constitutional Council. The National Assembly is elected by universal suffrage, while the Constitutional Council is appointed by the President.

The Icelandic Constitution also guarantees a number of fundamental rights and freedoms, including the right to freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, and the right to privacy. These rights are protected by the Icelandic courts and are enforced through the Icelandic legal system.

In summary, viðsögnin is a foundational document that shapes the political and legal landscape of Iceland. It provides a framework for the governance of the country, protects the rights and freedoms of its citizens, and ensures the stability and continuity of the Icelandic state.