Virhemallinnusta

Virhemallinnusta, also known as viral hemophagocytic syndrome (VHS), is a rare and severe immune disorder characterized by an excessive and uncontrolled activation of the immune system. This activation leads to the destruction of the body's own cells, including red blood cells, which are then phagocytosed (eaten) by immune cells. The term "virhe" refers to the error or malfunction in the immune system, while "mallinnusta" translates to "cancer cells," reflecting the initial misdiagnosis of VHS as a form of cancer.

VHS can be triggered by various infections, such as viral infections (hence the name), bacterial infections, or even certain medications. The immune system's response to these triggers results in the production of excessive amounts of cytokines, which are signaling proteins that regulate immune responses. This cytokine storm leads to the activation of macrophages and other immune cells, which then destroy the body's own cells.

The clinical manifestations of VHS can vary widely and may include fever, fatigue, liver and spleen enlargement, low blood cell counts, and in severe cases, multi-organ failure. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying trigger and supporting the body's immune system until it can recover.

VHS is a medical emergency, and prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent organ failure and death. The prognosis for patients with VHS can be poor, with a high mortality rate, especially in severe cases. However, with early intervention and appropriate treatment, some patients may recover fully.