Vindprofilen

Vindprofilen is the vertical distribution of wind speed and wind direction with height above the surface. In meteorology and wind energy, the profile describes how the wind changes from ground level to higher layers and how wind shear and direction shear develop. The wind speed generally increases with height as surface friction decreases, but the exact profile depends on surface roughness, terrain, and atmospheric stability. Neutral, stable, and unstable stratifications yield different profiles, which are commonly described by the log-law in the surface layer and by power-law or other formulations in the broader boundary layer. Monin-Obukhov similarity theory provides a framework to relate the wind profile to stability, roughness, and turbulence.

Measurement and estimation of Vindprofilen rely on a range of methods. Tall meteorological towers equipped with anemometers give direct wind observations at discrete heights, while radiosondes can provide profiles through the atmosphere. Remote sensing tools such as lidar and sodar extend measurements to higher altitudes and over longer time periods. Model outputs from weather prediction models or specialized wind-energy models also characterize the wind profile.

Applications of Vindprofilen include site assessment and turbine design for wind farms, where wind shear and stability influence power output and control strategies, as well as aviation planning, weather forecasting, and climate studies. The wind profile remains an area of ongoing research, particularly in complex terrain and urban environments where roughness and obstacles create highly variable profiles.