Viljelymaa

Viljelymaa is a Finnish term for arable land used for the annual cultivation of crops. In land-use planning and agricultural practice it is distinguished from permanent grasslands, forests and built-up areas. Viljelymaa comprises soils and sites suitable for crop production, typically managed through tillage, seedbeds and seasonal harvesting.

The productivity of viljelymaa depends on soil fertility, structure and drainage, as well as climate. Common soil types include loam and silty loams with adequate organic matter. Soil pH and nutrient availability are managed through liming and fertilization. Waterlogging and erosion can affect viljelymaa, making drainage and soil conservation important in many regions.

Management practices on viljelymaa emphasize sustainable cultivation. Crop rotation, cover crops and proper residue management help maintain soil health and fertility. Fertilization with mineral or organic fertilizers supports yields while attempts are made to minimize environmental impact. Weeding, pest and disease control, and, where appropriate, irrigation are used to protect production. Conservation tillage and other erosion-control techniques are increasingly adopted to safeguard soil resources.

Typical crops grown on viljelymaa include cereals (such as wheat, barley, oats, and rye), potatoes, sugar beets, oilseeds, and various vegetables. The exact production mix reflects regional climate, soil conditions, market demand and agricultural policy.

Environmentally and economically, viljelymaa represents a finite resource whose sustainable management is central to food security, rural livelihoods, and land-use planning in Finland and other temperate regions.