Viljelykasvipeitteinä

Viljelykasvipeitteinä, often translated as "cover crops," refers to plants grown primarily to benefit the soil and surrounding ecosystem rather than for direct harvest or sale. These crops are typically sown between main crop cycles or intercropped with cash crops. Their primary functions include preventing soil erosion, improving soil fertility, suppressing weeds, and enhancing biodiversity.

Commonly used cover crops belong to families such as legumes, grasses, and brassicas. Legumes, like clover and vetch, are valued for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. Grasses, such as rye and oats, are effective at scavenging excess nutrients, preventing them from leaching into groundwater, and their dense root systems help bind soil particles together. Brassicas, like mustard and radish, can help break up compacted soil and some varieties have biofumigant properties that can suppress soil-borne diseases and pests.

The selection of cover crops depends on various factors including climate, soil type, the needs of the subsequent cash crop, and the desired benefits. They are a key component of sustainable and organic farming practices, contributing to long-term soil health and environmental resilience. By enriching the soil, controlling erosion, and providing habitat for beneficial insects, cover crops play a crucial role in integrated farming systems.