Vervoegde

Vervoegde is a term used in Dutch grammar to describe a verb form that has been conjugated to reflect subject and time. A conjugated form carries information about person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and tense, and it may also encode mood and voice. This is in contrast to non-conjugated forms such as the infinitive (lopen), the present participle (lopend), or the past participle (gelopen).

In practice, Dutch verbs show a range of vervoegde vormen. For example, the present tense of lopen yields ik loop, jij loopt, hij loopt; the past tense yields ik liep, jij liep, hij liep, with wij liepen in the plural. The perfect tense uses a auxiliary verb plus the past participle, as in ik heb gelopen. The imperative form is ook een vervoegde vorm, as in loop! Some verbs are irregular and change more drastically, such as zijn, which has ik ben, jij bent, hij is, and hebben, with forms like ik heb, jij hebt, hij heeft.

In linguistic and educational contexts, de vervoegde vormen van een werkwoord are the individual realizations of its conjugation paradigm. Grammars describe these forms in tables or rules, showing how a verb changes across tenses, persons, and numbers. While the exact forms differ between languages, the concept of a set of conjugated forms—vervoegde vormen—is common to many languages and essential for indicating who is doing what, when, and in what mood or aspect.