Vergolden

Vergolden refers to the process of applying a thin layer of gold to a surface to create a gilded finish. The term is German, corresponding to gilding in English, and is used in art, architecture, furniture, and decorative crafts. Gilding can enhance appearance and provide a durable, corrosion-resistant surface while using less gold than solid pieces.

Techniques vary. Water gilding applies gold leaf over a moisture-sensitive size on a bole layer, yielding a bright, deep finish. Oil gilding uses a drying oil as the adhesive. Fire gilding (mercury gilding) is an ancient method where gold forms an amalgam with mercury before polishing. Modern methods include electroplating or chemical gilding, which deposit gold from baths, and leaf gilding with water-based or acrylic sizes.

Materials commonly used include gold leaf or powder for leaf gilding, and gold alloys for plating. Leaves come in different karats and shades. Sizes range from traditional rabbit-skin glue for water gilding to synthetic resins for contemporary processes.

Historically, gilding has been employed from ancient civilizations through the Renaissance and into modern architecture and art. Notable applications include gilded ceilings, picture frames, statues, and domes. In German-speaking regions, vergoldete surfaces are frequent in restoration and conservation work.

Care and considerations: gilded surfaces may wear at edges and require re-gilding over time. Gold itself is chemically inert, but the substrate and adhesive can discolor or corrode. Mercury-based gilding is largely avoided due to health and environmental risks; modern practice emphasizes ethical gold sourcing and appropriate archival standards.