Verano

Verano, or summer, is the warmest season of the year in most temperate regions. Its timing varies by calendar system: astronomical verano is defined by the sun’s position, spanning roughly June 21 to September 23 in the northern hemisphere; meteorological verano runs from June 1 to August 31. In the southern hemisphere, verano occurs from December through February. In tropical regions, the concept of summer may be less pronounced and verano can align with the wet or dry seasons.

Etymology: The word verano comes from Latin verānum, related to ver- meaning spring, reflecting its succession after spring.

Characteristics: Days are longer and temperatures higher, with humidity varying by location. Summer conditions influence agriculture, energy demand for cooling, and outdoor activities. Some areas experience dry seasons, while others have monsoon or rainier periods. In tropical climates, the seasonal pattern differs from temperate zones, and the idea of summer may coincide with peaks in rainfall or heat.

Cultural and ecological context: Verano is associated with holidays, vacations, and outdoor recreation in many cultures, as well as with festivals and seasonal markets. Wildlife and ecosystems adapt to longer daylight and higher temperatures, affecting growth cycles, breeding, and migration. Climate change is affecting the duration and intensity of verano in many regions, increasing heat extremes and placing pressure on water resources and agriculture.