Varmala

Varmala, also known as jaimala, is a traditional Indian wedding ritual in which a garland is exchanged between the bride and groom. The garland, typically made of fresh flowers such as marigolds, jasmine, roses, and tuberoses, or sometimes artificial alternatives, is placed around the couple’s neck by the other party as a symbolic acceptance of the union. The ritual is common across many Indian communities, though the form and sequence vary regionally.

In North Indian weddings, the jaimala takes place at the mandap after certain initial rites, with friends and family cheering as the garlands are exchanged. In South Indian and other regional traditions, a var mala exchange occurs at a different point but serves the same purpose: to declare consent and invite blessings from relatives, friends, and deities. The garlands often carry symbolic color associations; red and gold are common for auspiciousness, white for purity, and yellow for prosperity.

The practice signifies mutual acceptance, respect, and commitment, and also marks the couple as a pair joined in marriage in the eyes of the community. In modern times, variations include using longer garlands, adding beads or ribbons, or using silk or artificial garlands for practical reasons, though many families prefer fresh flowers for their fragrance and freshness.

Etymology: var mala derives from Sanskrit mala (garland) and vara (bridegroom). See also jaimala, Hindu wedding rituals.