Vannstrålekutting

Vannstrålekutting is a machining process that uses a high-pressure stream of water, often mixed with an abrasive substance, to cut through a wide range of materials. The water jet is propelled through a small nozzle, creating a focused stream that erodes the material it contacts. This process is capable of cutting materials such as metal, stone, glass, plastic, and composites.

The basic principle involves directing a high-pressure water stream at the workpiece. For harder materials, an abrasive like garnet or aluminum oxide is added to the water stream. This abrasive particles significantly increase the cutting power of the jet. The abrasive is typically introduced into the water stream just after it exits the nozzle. The pressure of the water can range from very high, tens of thousands of pounds per square inch, to extremely high, over 100,000 psi, depending on the application and material being cut.

Vannstrålekutting offers several advantages. It is a cold cutting process, meaning it does not generate significant heat, which prevents thermal distortion or alteration of the material's properties. This is particularly beneficial for heat-sensitive materials. The kerf, or the width of the cut, is very narrow, allowing for intricate designs and minimal material waste. Furthermore, it produces a smooth edge, often eliminating the need for secondary finishing operations. The process is also environmentally friendly as it uses water and recyclable abrasives.

However, vannstrålekutting can be slower than some other cutting methods, and the initial equipment cost can be high. The process also generates wastewater that may contain abrasive particles, requiring proper disposal or recycling. Despite these limitations, its versatility and precision make it a valuable technique in various industries, including manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, and construction.