Vancomütsiinresistentse
vancomütsiinresistentse is a term used to describe bacterial strains that have developed resistance to vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly employed to treat severe Gram‑positive infections, including those caused by methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and certain enterococci. The phenomenon is most frequently associated with Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, known collectively as vancomycin‑resistant enterococci (VRE), although vancomycin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin‑resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae have also been reported. Resistance arises when bacteria acquire the vanA or vanB gene clusters, which encode altered D‑alanine‑D‑alanine peptidoglycan precursors; these modified substrates reduce vancomycin binding affinity, allowing the organism to grow in its presence. Additional mechanisms can involve overproduction of cell‑wall precursors or efflux pumps, though these are less common.
Clinically, vancomütsiinresistentse infections are associated with higher morbidity, limited therapeutic options, and increased health‑care costs. Treatment