Valokuvavaurion

Valokuvavaurion is a Finnish term that translates to "photo damage" or "photodegradation" and refers to the deterioration of photographic materials caused by exposure to light. This phenomenon affects various types of photographs, including prints, negatives, and slides, leading to changes in their appearance and archival stability.

The primary mechanisms of valokuvavaurion involve light-induced chemical reactions within the photographic emulsion. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is particularly damaging as it possesses enough energy to break chemical bonds in the dyes, pigments, and binders that form the image. Visible light can also contribute to degradation, though generally to a lesser extent than UV. Over time, these reactions can cause colors to fade, shift, or darken unevenly. Shadows may become lighter, and highlights can lose their detail. In some cases, the emulsion itself can become brittle or discolored, leading to cracks or a yellowing of the image.

Factors influencing the rate and severity of valokuvavaurion include the intensity and duration of light exposure, the specific photographic materials used, and the presence of environmental pollutants. Archival photographic processes and materials are designed to be more resistant to light-induced fading. Proper storage in dark, climate-controlled environments and the use of UV-filtering glazing in frames are common methods to mitigate valokuvavaurion and preserve photographic heritage. Restoration techniques can sometimes be employed to address the effects of photo damage.