Valmiki

Valmiki is a revered sage in Hindu tradition, traditionally regarded as the author of the Ramayana, one of the two great Sanskrit epics of India. He is honored as Adi Kavi, the first poet, and is associated with shaping early Sanskrit epic poetry. The Ramayana attributed to him tells the life of Rama, a prince of Ayodhya, his wife Sita, his loyal companion Lakshmana, and their trials, exile, and victory over the demon king Ravana. The work is organized into seven kandas (books) and is foundational to many later literary and performative traditions in South Asia.

Legend describes Valmiki as Ratnakara, a hunter or robber who renounced violence after being taught about dharma by the sage Narada. He is said to have attained sagehood on the banks of the Tamasa River in northern India, and to have composed the Ramayana in verse after witnessing events surrounding Rama and Sita. Over time, he came to be seen as the compiler and respected commentator of Rama’s story.

Dating and historicity of Valmiki are subjects of scholarly debate. Traditional accounts place him in ancient times, but precise chronology remains uncertain. The Ramayana exists in numerous regional versions alongside the Sanskrit original, and Valmiki’s Ramayana has deeply influenced literature, art, theatre, dance, and devotional practice across India and Southeast Asia. The epic’s themes of dharma, duty, righteousness, and compassion have contributed to Valmiki’s enduring legacy as a cultural and literary figure.