VEGFHemmer

VEGFHemmer is a term used to describe drugs that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that stimulates the growth of new blood vessels. By blocking VEGF signaling, these agents aim to reduce angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels that tumors or diseased tissues rely on for growth and survival.

Mechanism and scope of action: VEGF inhibitors act by preventing VEGF from binding to its receptors on endothelial cells, or by sequestering VEGF itself. This disruption of the VEGF pathways can slow or halt the growth of abnormal blood vessels. In cancer, reduced tumor blood vessel formation can slow tumor growth and enhance the effectiveness of other therapies. In ocular diseases, inhibition of abnormal retinal neovascularization can help preserve or improve vision.

Major classes and examples: The anti-VEGF family includes monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab and ranibizumab, and the soluble decoy receptor aflibercept. In the eye, these agents are commonly delivered by intravitreal injection. In cancer and other systemic diseases, VEGF inhibitors are given intravenously or orally. In addition to antibodies and decoy receptors, several small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target VEGF receptors, including agents such as sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib, and regorafenib, among others.

Applications and considerations: Anti-VEGF therapy is used to treat various cancers and ocular conditions such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion. Treatment regimens vary by condition and drug, and responses can differ between patients. Side effects may be systemic or site-specific, including hypertension, thromboembolism, wound-healing impairment, proteinuria, and ocular inflammation or infection. Resistance and tolerance can develop, necessitating combination strategies or alternative therapies.