Utasításkódok

Utasításkódok, more commonly known as opcodes, are the fundamental components of machine code instructions. They represent specific operations that a computer's central processing unit (CPU) can perform. When a program is compiled, the high-level source code is translated into a sequence of these binary instructions, each consisting of an opcode and its associated operands. The opcode tells the CPU what action to take, such as adding two numbers, moving data from one memory location to another, or performing a logical comparison.

Different CPU architectures have distinct instruction sets, meaning they recognize different opcodes. For instance, an x86 processor will have a different set of opcodes than an ARM processor. The opcode itself is typically a fixed-length binary number, and its value determines the operation. Operands, on the other hand, specify the data or memory addresses that the operation will act upon. The combination of opcode and operands forms a complete machine instruction that the CPU can directly execute. Understanding opcodes is crucial for low-level programming, reverse engineering, and performance optimization, as it provides insight into how software interacts with hardware at its most basic level.