Uroxatral

Uroxatral is the brand name for alfuzosin, a medication in the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist class used to treat symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Alfuzosin relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate, bladder neck, and urethra, which can improve urinary flow and reduce BPH-related symptoms such as hesitancy, weak stream, and frequency.

Indications and usage: Uroxatral is prescribed for the relief of lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPH. It is not indicated for treating hypertension, and it should be used under medical supervision with consideration of cardiovascular status.

Dosing and administration: The usual dose is 10 mg once daily, taken after a meal to enhance absorption and minimize the risk of dizziness or fainting. If a dose is missed, patients are generally advised to skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule.

Pharmacology: Alfuzosin is a non-selective alpha-1 blocker with uroselective effects that primarily target tissues in the urinary tract. It is metabolized in the liver, mainly by the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme. The drug is excreted in urine and feces. The extended-release formulation supports once-daily dosing.

Contraindications and cautions: Contraindications include hypersensitivity to alfuzosin and significant hepatic impairment. Co-administration with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, and ritonavir) is contraindicated due to significantly increased alfuzosin exposure. Caution is advised when used with other antihypertensives or nitrates because of the potential for additive hypotension or orthostatic events. First-dose hypotension can occur, so patients should be monitored when therapy begins.

Adverse effects: Common adverse effects include dizziness, headache, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension or syncope, and dry mouth. Less common effects may include nausea and abnormal ejaculation.