Urdeoxycholsäure

Urdeoxycholsäure, also known as ursodeoxycholic acid or UDCA, is a naturally occurring bile acid found in small amounts in humans and other mammals. It is a secondary bile acid, meaning it is produced by intestinal bacteria from primary bile acids. UDCA is a hydrophilic bile acid, which means it has a strong affinity for water. This property allows it to help emulsify fats in the small intestine, aiding in their digestion and absorption.

In medicine, UDCA is primarily used to treat certain liver diseases, most notably primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). In PBC, the bile ducts in the liver become inflamed and damaged, leading to a buildup of bile. UDCA helps to improve bile flow, reduce inflammation, and protect liver cells from damage. It is also used to dissolve certain types of gallstones, particularly cholesterol gallstones, by reducing the cholesterol content of bile.

The mechanism of action of UDCA is thought to involve several pathways. It can displace more toxic bile acids from the bile acid pool, reducing their harmful effects on the liver. It also promotes the secretion of bile and bicarbonate, which helps to clear bile ducts. Additionally, UDCA has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to its protective role in liver disease.

UDCA is typically administered orally in capsule or tablet form. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the specific condition being treated and the patient's response. While generally well-tolerated, potential side effects can include diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. UDCA is contraindicated in cases of complete biliary obstruction and certain other conditions.