Urabi

Urabi, also known as Ahmed Urabi Pasha, was an Egyptian nationalist and military officer who led the Urabi Revolt against Khedive Tewfik and European interference in Egypt. Born in 1841, he rose through the ranks of the Egyptian army, becoming a symbol of Egyptian resistance to foreign domination.

The Urabi Revolt began in 1879, fueled by discontent with the Khedive's increasingly pro-European policies, heavy taxation, and the army's poor treatment. Urabi's slogan, "Egypt for the Egyptians," resonated widely. He advocated for constitutional government, an end to foreign control, and a stronger, more independent Egyptian army. The movement gained significant popular support.

In September 1881, Urabi led a demonstration in Cairo that forced the Khedive to grant a constitution and dismiss some ministers. However, the situation escalated when Britain, concerned about its interests in the Suez Canal, intervened militarily. The British bombarded Alexandria in July 1882 and subsequently defeated Urabi's forces at the Battle of Tel el-Kebir.

Urabi was captured and exiled to Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka) by the British. Despite his military defeat, his legacy as a pioneer of Egyptian nationalism endured. He is remembered as a pivotal figure in the struggle for Egyptian independence, inspiring future nationalist movements. Urabi died in exile in 1901.