Upupidae

Upupidae is a small family of birds in the order Bucerotiformes, comprising the hoopoes. The family contains a single genus, Upupa, with the common hoopoe (Upupa epops) as the most widespread species. In some classifications, the African hoopoe (Upupa africana) is treated as a separate species; in others, it is considered a subspecies of Upupa epops. The name Upupa is derived from the bird’s distinctive call.

Hoopoes are medium-sized birds characterized by a slender, curved bill and a prominent erectile crest. They have pale pinkish-buff plumage and conspicuous black-and-white patterning on the wings, which is especially evident in flight. They measure roughly 25–32 cm in length, with a wingspan of about 44–48 cm; sexes are similar.

Distribution and habitat: Hoopoes occur across much of Europe, Asia, and Africa, favoring open landscapes such as savannas, farmland, orchards, and light scrub. Many northern populations are migratory, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa or the tropics.

Behavior and ecology: They forage primarily on the ground, probing with their long bills for insects, larvae, and other invertebrates. They are often seen on bare ground, short grass, or at the bases of trees, and may pick prey from trunks or soil.

Breeding: Nests are placed in cavities—tree holes, walls, or crevices. Both parents incubate a clutch of white eggs, with the young fledging after several weeks.

Status: The IUCN lists the Upupidae as Least Concern due to its wide distribution and generally stable populations, though regional declines occur where habitat is altered or prey is reduced by pesticides.