Universaalmootorina

Universaalmootorina refers to a universal motor, also known as a series-wound motor. This type of electric motor operates on both AC and DC power. Its design features a stator with field windings and a rotor (armature) with windings, both connected in series to the power source. The magnetic field produced by the stator interacts with the magnetic field of the armature, causing the rotor to spin.

The key characteristic of a universal motor is its ability to achieve high starting torque and high speed. This is due to the series connection; as the load increases, the current increases, strengthening both the field and armature magnetic fields, thus producing more torque. Conversely, when the load is light, the current is low, resulting in lower speeds. This speed-load characteristic makes them suitable for applications where variable speed is required or where high starting power is essential.

Universal motors are commonly found in household appliances and portable power tools. Examples include vacuum cleaners, blenders, electric drills, and hair dryers. Their compact size, relatively low cost, and versatility in operating on different power sources contribute to their widespread use. However, they tend to be noisy and can generate significant heat, and their brushes wear out over time, requiring occasional replacement. The commutation process, where current is switched in the armature windings via brushes and a commutator, is essential for their operation but also a source of wear and electrical noise.