Umboð

Umboð is a term used in Icelandic and some other Nordic languages to denote authority given by one person to another to act on their behalf. In legal and everyday use it covers mandates, powers of attorney, agency relationships, and other forms of delegated authority whereby an agent performs acts or makes decisions for a principal within defined limits.

In law, umboð often appears in contract and commercial contexts. A person or entity may grant an agent umboð to negotiate or conclude agreements, manage property, receive payments, or represent them before authorities. The scope and validity of such authorization are governed by statutory rules, contractual terms, and principles of agency law, including duties of care and limits on delegation.

The word is also applied in political and organizational contexts to describe the mandate or trust conferred by voters, members, or constituents. In everyday language it can refer more generally to representation or a commission to carry out a task.

Etymologically, umboð is cognate with Scandinavian forms such as Swedish and Norwegian ombud and traces back to Old Norse roots relating to representation and commission. Related terms include umbjóðandi (the principal) and umboðsaðili or umboðsmaður (the agent or representative, the latter often used for ombudsman-type officials). The exact legal meaning varies by jurisdiction and context, so specific practice depends on local law and custom.