Ultrafiltreerimine

Ultrafiltreerimine is a membrane filtration process used to separate larger molecules and particles from a liquid. It operates with membrane pore sizes typically ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 micrometers. This pore size range allows for the removal of suspended solids, colloids, bacteria, viruses, and high molecular weight compounds such as proteins and polysaccharides. The driving force for ultrafiltration is pressure, which causes the solvent and smaller dissolved molecules to pass through the membrane, while larger components are retained.

The process is characterized by its ability to operate at moderate pressures compared to other membrane filtration techniques like reverse osmosis. Ultrafiltration membranes can be made from various materials, including polymers like polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and cellulose acetate, as well as ceramics. The choice of material depends on factors such as chemical resistance, temperature tolerance, and the specific application.

Ultrafiltreerimine finds widespread application in various industries. In the food and beverage sector, it is used for clarifying juices, concentrating milk proteins, and treating wastewater. The pharmaceutical industry employs it for protein purification, sterile filtration of biological solutions, and producing ultrapure water. It is also utilized in water treatment for removing contaminants and in the textile industry for recycling process water. The efficiency of ultrafiltration depends on factors like membrane material, pore size, operating pressure, temperature, and the characteristics of the feed solution, including its viscosity and concentration.