Udává

Udává is a Czech verb form meaning states, indicates, or provides as data. It is the third person singular present tense of the imperfective verb udávat. The root comes from the noun údaj, meaning datum or fact, and the verb-forming suffix -vat. The term is commonly used in formal or neutral contexts such as journalism, statistics, research, and official communications to report information supplied by sources, authorities, or datasets.

Usage and nuance: Udávat is used when presenting information that comes from a source or is treated as data. It is often followed by clauses with že (that) or with a direct object such as čísla, data, fakta, or výsledky. In many contexts it is closely related to uvádět (to cite, to present); udávat emphasizes presenting something as given data or findings.

Examples:

- Společnost udává, že zisk ve čtvrtém čtvrtletí vzrostl o pět procent.

- Zpráva udává, že počet incidentů klesl.

- Studie udává, že 60 % respondentů souhlasí.

Notes: Udávat is imperfective, implying ongoing or repeated reporting. Its perfective counterparts, such as udat or uvést, express a single, completed act of stating, e.g., Zpráva uvedla čísla o výsledcích. In practice, udávat and uvádět can be somewhat interchangeable in formal reporting, though the nuance may differ by emphasis on ongoing versus final data.