Ucayali

Ucayali is a region of Peru located in the eastern Amazon Basin. It is named after the Ucayali River, one of the main tributaries of the Amazon, which flows through the area. The regional capital is Pucallpa. The region borders Loreto to the north and lies within the central-eastern Amazon, characterized by extensive rainforest and river networks.

Geography and environment: The territory is largely lowland tropical rainforest and river floodplains. The climate is hot and humid with substantial rainfall. The river system, led by the Ucayali River, provides vital transport, fishing, and irrigation for communities. The region is biologically rich, hosting a wide variety of plants and wildlife typical of the Amazon rainforest.

History and people: The area has been home to Indigenous groups for centuries, including Shipibo-Conibo, Asháninka, and Yine communities. It experienced significant changes during the rubber era and subsequent waves of settlement and development within Peru. Today the region operates under Peru’s decentralized regional governance system.

Economy and infrastructure: The economy centers on agriculture (such as cocoa, coffee, and root crops), forestry, fishing, and small-scale mining. Ecotourism is developing, highlighting riverine communities and rainforest biodiversity. Transport relies heavily on rivers, while road access remains limited in many rural areas. Air travel complements river transport for reaching distant communities.

Demographics and culture: The region is ethnically diverse, with Indigenous groups and people of mixed descent. Spanish is the dominant language, and many Indigenous languages are spoken in rural communities. Cultural traditions include regional crafts, music, and cuisine linked to the Amazon basin.