Türkçülük

Türkçülük, often translated as Turkism or Pan-Turkism, is a political ideology that emphasizes the cultural and political unity of Turkic peoples. It emerged in the late 19th century among intellectuals in the Ottoman Empire and Russia, who sought to foster a sense of shared identity and solidarity among diverse Turkic groups. The movement was initially driven by a desire to modernize and strengthen Turkic societies, often in response to perceived Western and Russian imperial pressures.

Key figures in the early development of Türkçülük include Yusuf Akçura, İsmail Gaspıralı, and Ziya Gökalp. They advocated for the use of a unified Turkic language, the promotion of Turkic history and culture, and the establishment of closer ties between Turkic nations. The ideology has seen various interpretations and phases throughout the 20th century, influenced by historical events such as the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the rise of the Republic of Turkey, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

While Türkçülük has historically been associated with nationalism, its scope and aims have varied. Some interpretations focus on cultural exchange and cooperation between Turkic states, while others have espoused more ambitious political or territorial aspirations. The ideology continues to be a relevant force in contemporary discussions about identity, regional politics, and the future of Turkic peoples in Eurasia.