Täsmäysongelma

Täsmäysongelma, known in English as the "frame problem," is a philosophical challenge in artificial intelligence and the philosophy of mind. It concerns the difficulty of representing and reasoning about the effects of actions in a formal system. Specifically, it asks how an AI system can efficiently determine which propositions remain true and which change after an action is performed, without needing to explicitly state that every other proposition remains unchanged.

Early AI systems often encoded knowledge about the world as a set of logical sentences. When an action was performed, the system would update this knowledge base. The täsmäysongelma arises because even simple actions can have a vast number of indirect consequences that are not immediately apparent. For an AI to reason effectively, it must be able to deduce what *doesn't* change as a result of an action, not just what *does*. Simply listing all the things that remain the same after every single action would be computationally infeasible.

Various approaches have been proposed to address the täsmäysongelma. These include using default reasoning, inferring that things remain unchanged unless explicitly stated otherwise, or developing more sophisticated knowledge representation methods that can implicitly handle the persistence of facts. The problem highlights a fundamental challenge in creating AI systems that can reason about dynamic environments in a way that is both efficient and comprehensive, mirroring human common-sense reasoning. It remains a significant topic of discussion in fields concerned with AI and knowledge representation.