Työttömyyshistoria

Työttömyyshistoria refers to the historical study of unemployment. This field examines how unemployment has manifested and been understood across different periods and societies. Early industrialization saw the rise of mass unemployment as agricultural workers moved to cities seeking factory jobs, often facing periods of idleness due to economic downturns and structural changes. The concept of unemployment as a distinct social problem gained prominence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The Great Depression of the 1930s marked a critical turning point, highlighting the systemic nature of unemployment and leading to significant policy responses. John Maynard Keynes' theories influenced governments to adopt active labor market policies, including public works programs and unemployment benefits, to mitigate economic hardship and stabilize demand. Following World War II, many Western countries established welfare states with comprehensive social security systems, including unemployment insurance, aiming to provide a safety net for those out of work.

The latter half of the 20th century and the early 21st century have seen shifts in the nature and perception of unemployment. Globalization, technological advancements, and the rise of the service sector have created new patterns of employment and unemployment. Debates continue regarding the causes of persistent unemployment, the effectiveness of different policy interventions, and the social and psychological impacts of joblessness. The historical perspective helps understand the evolution of these challenges and the various societal responses they have generated.