Tyrozinkinázinhibitorok

Tyrozinkinázinhibitorok, often abbreviated as TKIs, are a class of drugs used primarily in cancer treatment. They work by targeting specific enzymes called tyrosine kinases, which play a crucial role in cell signaling pathways that control cell growth, division, and survival. In many cancers, these tyrosine kinases are overactive or mutated, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. TKIs are designed to block the activity of these aberrant kinases, thereby inhibiting the growth and spread of the tumor.

These targeted therapies represent a significant advancement in oncology, offering a more precise approach compared to traditional chemotherapy, which affects all rapidly dividing cells, including healthy ones. TKIs are often administered orally and have demonstrated efficacy against a range of cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), certain types of lung cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The development of TKIs has been driven by a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development.

While highly effective for many patients, TKIs can also have side effects, which vary depending on the specific drug and the targeted kinase. Common side effects can include skin rashes, diarrhea, fatigue, and fluid retention. Research continues to expand the use of TKIs and to develop new generations of these drugs with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. Their development has paved the way for personalized medicine, where cancer treatment is tailored to the specific genetic profile of a patient's tumor.