Typica

Typica is a traditional group of Coffea arabica cultivars that represents the archetype of Arabica coffee. It refers to the classic varieties developed from the early selection of coffee plants in the Ethiopian highlands and brought to the Yemeni Mocha region, from which it spread to other parts of the world. In the 18th and 19th centuries Typica became the dominant Arabica cultivar in many coffee-growing regions.

Historically, Typica played a central role in the global expansion of coffee cultivation. It was introduced to Java and other parts of Asia, as well as to the Caribbean and the Americas, where it gave rise to a number of important descendants, including Bourbon and other Typica-derived varieties. These lines helped shape regional flavor profiles and farming practices, though many modern plantations now rely on newer, high-yielding or disease-resistant cultivars.

Plants in the Typica group are typically tall, with long-lived trees and relatively open canopy. They produce elongated, flat-sided coffee beans and cherries that ripen in a distinct, even pattern. Agronomically, Typica varieties generally require cooler, high-elevation environments and tend to yield less than many modern hybrids. They are comparatively susceptible to diseases such as coffee leaf rust and can be slower to mature.

In contemporary coffee production, Typica remains valued for cup quality and as a heritage or specialty cultivar. While many regions have adopted improved hybrids for higher productivity and resilience, pure Typica lines and their descendants are still cultivated where high-quality, traditional profiles are prioritized.