Tylosaurines

Tylosaurines are a group of marine reptiles that lived during the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 99 to 66 million years ago. They are part of the larger group of plesiosaurs, which were marine lizards that dominated the oceans during the Mesozoic era. Tylosaurines are characterized by their long, slender bodies, large flippers, and a distinctive sail-like structure on their backs, which was likely used for display or communication. This sail is formed by elongated neural spines that extend along the spine.

The most well-known tylosaurine is Tylosaurus, a genus that includes several species. Tylosaurus is notable for its large size, with some species reaching lengths of over 15 meters. These reptiles were apex predators in their marine environments, feeding on a variety of prey, including other marine reptiles, fish, and possibly even smaller plesiosaurs. Their teeth were specialized for crushing and tearing, reflecting their diet.

Tylosaurines are also known for their unique reproductive strategy. Unlike many other marine reptiles, tylosaurines laid their eggs on land, likely in nests similar to those of modern sea turtles. This behavior may have been an adaptation to the changing marine environments of the Late Cretaceous, as sea levels fluctuated and coastal areas became more suitable for nesting.

The fossil record of tylosaurines is extensive, with numerous species described from various parts of the world. Their remains have been found in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, indicating a widespread distribution during the Late Cretaceous. The study of tylosaurines provides valuable insights into the evolution of marine reptiles and their adaptation to marine environments.